Lecture

Machiavelli, The Prince

This module introduces Machiavelli and the political context of Renaissance Florence. Students will explore:

  • Machiavelli's role as a founder of the modern state.
  • The reconfiguration of elements from Christian and classical traditions.
  • The concept of princes as new political leaders.

Understanding Machiavelli's innovations will provide insights into the evolution of political organization.


Course Lectures
  • This module introduces the field of political philosophy, focusing on its nature and scope. Professor Smith explores fundamental questions such as:

    • What is the best regime?
    • What constitutes good citizenship?

    Through the lens of Plato's Apology, students engage with the foundational concepts of political life, paving the way for deeper exploration in subsequent modules.

  • This module emphasizes the significance of Plato's Apology as an introductory text in political philosophy. It focuses on:

    • The violation of free expression represented in the text.
    • Socrates’ defense of philosophy and its relevance to political life.

    Students will analyze how Socrates justifies his philosophical way of life, offering insights into the relationship between philosophy and politics.

  • In this module, students examine Socrates' proposed idea of citizenship as presented in the Crito. Key themes include:

    • The contrast between traditional citizenship and Socratic philosophical citizenship.
    • The principles of civil obedience and piety.
    • The duties of citizens to uphold community laws.

    The dialogue, set in Socrates’ prison cell, serves as a critical reflection on the responsibilities of individuals within their society.

  • Plato's Republic I-II
    Steven B. Smith

    This module introduces Plato's Republic, focusing on its multifaceted meanings related to:

    • Moral psychology and justice.
    • The power of poetry and myth.
    • Metaphysical concepts.

    Students will explore the Republic as a utopian vision, highlighting Plato's ideal city, Kallipolis, and its implications for moral and political philosophy.

  • This module continues the exploration of Plato's Republic, focusing on the roles of different figures in the dialogue. Topics include:

    • Challenges to Polemarchus' views on justice.
    • The relationship between friends and enemies.
    • The assertion that knowledge underpins all virtues.

    Students will gain insights into the philosophical arguments presented, enriching their understanding of justice and virtue in the context of Plato's work.

  • This module concludes the discussion of Plato's Republic by examining the theme of self-control. Key discussions include:

    • Adeimantus' speech on self-control.
    • Socrates' views on thumos, or spiritedness.
    • The platonic notion of justice as harmony.

    Students will reflect on how these ideas relate to both virtuous and tyrannical ambitions in public life.

  • This module introduces Aristotle's life and works, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of his treatises, particularly his political writings. Students will explore:

    • Aristotle's view of man as a political animal.
    • The naturalness of the city and community.
    • Thematic connections between his various works.

    Understanding Aristotle's broad contributions will set the foundation for deeper discussions in the subsequent modules.

  • This module discusses Aristotle's comparative approach to politics, particularly through his examination of regimes. Students will learn about:

    • Formal rights and duties within communities.
    • Distinctive customs and moral dispositions.
    • How regimes shape identity and character.

    By analyzing these concepts, students will appreciate Aristotle's insights into the formation of political communities.

  • This final module on Aristotle focuses on conflict management between factions. Key concepts include:

    • The idea of polity as a balance between oligarchy and democracy.
    • How Aristotle's ideas anticipate modern concepts of governance.
    • The importance of avoiding extremes in political organization.

    Students will connect Aristotle's theories to contemporary discussions on governance and stability.

  • Machiavelli, The Prince
    Steven B. Smith

    This module introduces Machiavelli and the political context of Renaissance Florence. Students will explore:

    • Machiavelli's role as a founder of the modern state.
    • The reconfiguration of elements from Christian and classical traditions.
    • The concept of princes as new political leaders.

    Understanding Machiavelli's innovations will provide insights into the evolution of political organization.

  • This module continues the analysis of Machiavelli's The Prince, emphasizing his definitions of virtue and vice. Key topics include:

    • The transformation of moral concepts in politics.
    • Machiavelli's notions of virtu and fortuna.
    • The philosophical implications of "dirty hands" in governance.

    Students will critically engage with Machiavelli's provocative ideas on political ethics and morality.

  • This module introduces Thomas Hobbes and his political philosophy, often seen as paradoxical. Topics covered include:

    • Hobbes' defense of political absolutism.
    • The paradox of human equality and the social contract.
    • Hobbes' views on civil peace and security.

    Students will explore how Hobbes' ideas contribute to contemporary discussions on sovereignty and governance.

  • This module focuses on Hobbes' concept of the "state of nature" and its implications for individual rights and governance. Key discussions include:

    • The absence of authority and its consequences.
    • Hobbes' view of the individual and their will.
    • Natural laws and their moral implications.

    Students will critically analyze Hobbes' theories in the context of modern political thought.

  • This final module on Hobbes discusses his concept of sovereignty. Key themes include:

    • Defining the sovereign as an office rather than an individual.
    • Hobbes' distinctions between just and good laws.
    • The relevance of Hobbes' ideas to modern state governance.

    Students will consider how Hobbes' theories continue to influence contemporary political discourse.

  • This module explores John Locke's profound influence on political philosophy and American democracy. Key topics include:

    • Locke's advocacy for natural rights: life, liberty, and property.
    • The legitimacy of government through consent.
    • Locke's impact on the Declaration of Independence.

    Students will analyze how Locke's theories transformed earlier concepts into a liberal constitutional framework.

  • This module continues to explore Locke's Second Treatise, particularly his views on human beginnings and property rights. Key discussions include:

    • Locke's account of the condition of nature.
    • The concept of property acquired through labor.
    • The implications of natural law and government by consent.

    Students will reflect on how Locke's ideas contribute to the understanding of individual rights and governance.

  • This module addresses Locke's views on the executive and legislative branches in his constitutional theory. Key topics include:

    • The relationship between executive and legislative powers.
    • Locke's influence on the American regime.
    • Connections to contemporary political philosophy, including John Rawls.

    Students will explore how Locke's ideas continue to resonate in modern discussions of governance and justice.

  • This module introduces Rousseau's life and his contributions to the Enlightenment. Key themes include:

    • The historical context in France post-Louis XIV.
    • Rousseau's exploration of inequality and human nature.
    • The qualities of perfectibility, compassion, and goodness.

    Students will analyze Rousseau's writings and their implications for understanding the development of modern political thought.

  • This module continues the analysis of Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality, focusing on the concept of amour-propre. Key discussions include:

    • The psychological dimensions of pride and vanity.
    • The role of the social contract in securing individual liberty.
    • The conflict between individual freedom and collective rights.

    Students will explore Rousseau's solutions to these conflicts through the idea of the general will.

  • This module examines Rousseau's concept of the general will in his Social Contract. Key themes include:

    • The general will as a solution to inequality and discontent.
    • The foundation of the social contract in achieving freedom.
    • Rousseau's legacy in political thought.

    Students will assess how Rousseau's ideas influenced later political philosophies and movements.

  • This module introduces Tocqueville and his analysis of democracy in America. Key discussions include:

    • The relationship between freedom and equality in democracies.
    • Tocqueville's observations on social power and liberty.
    • The implications for France and the restoration of monarchy.

    Students will explore Tocqueville's insights as a reflection of broader democratic trends in the 19th century.

  • This module continues the exploration of Tocqueville's Democracy in America, focusing on key features of American democracy. Topics include:

    • The significance of local government and civil associations.
    • The spirit of religion in shaping democratic values.
    • Tocqueville's concerns about potential democratic tyranny.

    Students will critically engage with Tocqueville's insights into the complexities of democratic governance.

  • This final module on Tocqueville explores the moral and psychological aspects of democracy. Key discussions include:

    • The qualities of the democratic individual and character.
    • The ethic of self-interest versus fame and glory.
    • The role of statesmen in a democratic society.

    Students will assess Tocqueville's contributions as a political educator and the implications of his work for modern democratic practice.

  • In Defense of Politics
    Steven B. Smith

    In this concluding module, the course defends the importance of politics. Key themes include:

    • Definitions of "politics" and "the political" from various thinkers.
    • Discussions on patriotism, nationalism, and cosmopolitanism.
    • The essential role of educators and classic texts in political understanding.

    Students will reflect on the enduring relevance of political philosophy in contemporary society.