Lecture

Karl Marx, Joseph Schumpeter, and an Economic System Incapable of Coming to Rest

This module delves into the theories of Marx and Schumpeter, highlighting their perspectives on capitalism's inherent dynamics. Key points include:

  • Marxist theories of monopoly capitalism.
  • Schumpeter's idea of creative destruction.
  • Critique of Marxist determinism.
  • Examples of technological revolutions in energy production.

The module emphasizes the constant evolution of capitalist systems and the relevance of labor theory in contemporary economics.


Course Lectures
  • This introductory module sets the stage for understanding capitalism by exploring the concept of capital as accumulated wealth used to generate further wealth. Key topics include:

    • Defining capital and its various forms.
    • The transition from labor-intensive to capital-intensive production.
    • Income disparities resulting from this transition.

    Through discussions and examples, students will grasp the fundamental characteristics of capitalism and its implications for global economies.

  • This module delves into the theories of Marx and Schumpeter, highlighting their perspectives on capitalism's inherent dynamics. Key points include:

    • Marxist theories of monopoly capitalism.
    • Schumpeter's idea of creative destruction.
    • Critique of Marxist determinism.
    • Examples of technological revolutions in energy production.

    The module emphasizes the constant evolution of capitalist systems and the relevance of labor theory in contemporary economics.

  • This module discusses the intersection of property rights, freedom, and government roles in capitalism. Important concepts include:

    • Hayek's theories on freedom and societal learning.
    • Examples from various sectors illustrating the benefits of freedom.
    • The impact of property rights on economic productivity.

    Students will evaluate real-world cases to understand how governmental decisions affect economic landscapes and individual freedoms.

  • This module focuses on the historical emergence and significance of the joint stock corporation, particularly through the lens of U.S. railroads. Key discussions include:

    • The professional management required for large-scale operations.
    • The efficiency of joint stock corporations in raising capital.
    • Challenges faced by different ownership forms.

    Students will learn how these developments shaped the landscape of modern capitalism and corporate structures.

  • This module presents a business case study on CardioThoracic Systems, addressing various barriers to market success. Key points include:

    • Competition from other medical firms.
    • Understanding customer needs and "gatekeeper" problems.
    • Interest misalignments and information asymmetries among stakeholders.

    Students will analyze the complexities of the healthcare market and propose strategies for overcoming these challenges.

  • This module explores the rise and fall of Polaroid Corporation, emphasizing the importance of adapting to market changes. Key topics include:

    • Polaroid's business model and corporate culture.
    • Decisions leading to product development failures.
    • Impact of digital photography on traditional models.

    Students will learn how failure to innovate can lead to the decline of once-dominant firms in a rapidly changing market.

  • This guest lecture by Jim Alexander provides an insider's view of Enron's corporate ethics and failures. Key points of discussion include:

    • Enron's disregard for ethical concerns.
    • Exploitation of accounting loopholes.
    • Misaligned incentives within oversight organizations.

    Through this case, students gain insights into the importance of ethical behavior in corporate environments and the consequences of neglecting it.

  • This module features Will Goetzmann discussing the history of debt and its impact on financial crises, focusing on:

    • Debt slavery in ancient societies.
    • The evolution of real estate financing.
    • Research on the recent collapse of the mortgage market.

    Students will explore the dynamics of financial crises and the roles various actors play in shaping economic outcomes.

  • This module addresses accountability and greed in investment banking, starting with the Coase Theorem. Key concepts include:

    • Conditions for efficient transactions.
    • The role of incentives in economic behavior.
    • Case study of a historical whaling law highlighting property rights.

    Students will reflect on how property rights and incentives shape economic transactions and behaviors in the banking sector.

  • This module explores the subprime mortgage crisis, analyzing the roles of various actors and government involvement. Key discussions include:

    • Actors: homebuyers, brokers, lenders, and rating agencies.
    • The history of government involvement in mortgage markets.
    • Deregulation impacts and the resulting housing market collapse.

    Students will understand the interconnectedness of these actors and the systemic risks present in mortgage markets.

  • This module utilizes the Merck-Vioxx case to explore the political and judicial elements of American capitalism. Key topics include:

    • Government regulatory agencies and their roles.
    • The influence of lobbying and regulatory capture.
    • Legal challenges faced by corporations and implications for reform.

    Students will critically assess how political factors impact corporate behavior and the broader capitalist system.

  • This module examines the rise of mass affluence in the West, exploring crucial factors like:

    • The role of advertising and consumer culture.
    • Gregory Clark's theories on the Industrial Revolution.
    • Other causal factors of economic growth and institutional influences.

    Students will engage with various theories explaining the roots of mass affluence and its implications for modern capitalism.

  • This module explores Hernando de Soto's theories on dead and live capital, highlighting the importance of integrating informal property rights. Key discussions include:

    • Challenges in implementing innovative property policies.
    • The impact of existing stakeholder interests.
    • The Coase theorem in the context of transaction costs.

    Students will engage in discussions about effective economic development strategies in the context of property rights.

  • This module discusses Aravind Adiga's novel "The White Tiger," addressing issues of inequality and corruption in developing countries. Key points include:

    • Challenges of dismantling entrenched inequalities.
    • The role of India's caste system and religious history.
    • Entrepreneurialism and its complexities in the context of capitalism.

    Students will draw connections between the novel's themes and broader discussions on capitalism's nature and challenges.

  • This module analyzes the SELCO business case, focusing on distributed electric power generation in rural India. Key discussions include:

    • SWOT analysis for understanding business viability.
    • Challenges in scaling operations and market penetration.
    • Collaboration with local microfinance institutions.

    Students will propose strategies to enhance SELCO's business model and address operational hurdles.

  • This module discusses the inadequacies of GDP as a measure of societal wellbeing, emphasizing alternative perspectives on development. Key discussions include:

    • Wealth inequality and GDP's shortcomings.
    • Paul Collier's "traps" for developing countries.
    • The relationship between democracy and the resource curse.

    Students will consider how reform-oriented policies can better address the needs of the poorest nations.

  • This module discusses policy targets for capitalist development, using practical examples from recent political events. Key topics include:

    • Connections between market systems and government actions.
    • The revival strategies for Yale's Mory's club.
    • Methods to enhance organizational relevance in a changing environment.

    Students will engage in discussions about the interplay between capitalism and governance while proposing actionable solutions.

  • This two-part guest lecture by Paolo Zanonni provides insights into Goldman Sachs' transition from a partnership to a hybrid model. Key discussions include:

    • The advantages of maintaining a partnership structure for incentives.
    • The corporate culture and values at Goldman Sachs.
    • Major deals and their implications for the market.

    Students will learn about the complexities of corporate governance and the balance between ownership structures and operational efficiency.

  • This module continues the exploration of Goldman Sachs, focusing on a complex deal in the European utilities market. Key points include:

    • The Enel-Endesa acquisition and its regional implications.
    • Political factors influencing market operations.
    • Critical analysis of corporate strategies in a globalized context.

    Students will evaluate the interplay between politics and free-market operations, drawing lessons for future transactions.

  • This module discusses the TXU v. EDF case, focusing on the environmental interests surrounding private equity deals. Key discussions include:

    • Contrasting perspectives from Austin and Washington, D.C.
    • The significance of public opinion in corporate strategy.
    • Strategic alliances between companies and environmental groups.

    Students will explore how companies navigate complex interests to achieve mutual goals, emphasizing the role of public perception.

  • This concluding module synthesizes key themes and thinkers discussed throughout the course. Key elements include:

    • Fundamental concepts of capitalism and property rights.
    • The importance of corporations in wealth maximization.
    • Case study on water privatization in Bolivia.

    Students will reflect on the intersection between capitalism and societal needs, considering actionable insights for future developments.