Lecture

The Trolley Problem

This module presents the Trolley Problem, a thought experiment that raises fundamental ethical questions. Professor Gendler explores:

  • The moral dilemmas presented by the Trolley Problem
  • Utilitarian vs. deontological responses to ethical challenges
  • Implications of the Trolley Problem for understanding human morality

Students will engage in discussions about the complexities of moral decision-making and the factors influencing their choices.


Course Lectures
  • Introduction
    Tamar Gendler

    This introductory lecture by Professor Gendler outlines the goals and structure of the course. Students will be introduced to significant philosophical texts while exploring key themes such as:

    • Understanding the discipline of Philosophy
    • Addressing central philosophical questions with interdisciplinary insights
    • Recognizing how various disciplines can complement philosophical inquiry

    Additionally, the lecture highlights the evolving understanding of happiness, morality, and political legitimacy as the course progresses.

  • This module examines the Ring of Gyges, a thought experiment that questions morality and hypocrisy. Professor Gendler discusses how the story illustrates:

    • The nature of moral behavior when one can act without consequence
    • Philosophical perspectives on justice and personal integrity
    • Implications of moral choices in society

    By analyzing this ancient text alongside modern findings, students will reflect on the relationship between ethics and human nature.

  • Parts of the Soul I
    Tamar Gendler

    This module focuses on the concept of the soul in relation to happiness and human nature. Professor Gendler discusses the multi-part soul, drawing on historical texts, and emphasizes:

    • The philosophical foundations of the soul's structure
    • How understanding the soul can enhance our grasp of flourishing
    • The interplay between different parts of the soul and moral decision-making

    Students will explore how these ideas are relevant in contemporary discussions about well-being and personal development.

  • Parts of the Soul II
    Tamar Gendler

    Continuing from the previous module, this session further explores the concept of the soul, focusing on the interplay between reason, spirit, and appetite. Key discussions include:

    • The role of each part of the soul in achieving a harmonious life
    • How the balance between reason and desire influences moral behavior
    • Philosophical insights into personal development and ethical living

    Students will engage with classical texts and cognitive science to examine how these concepts manifest in modern contexts.

  • This module discusses the notion of a well-ordered soul and its connection to happiness and harmony. Professor Gendler emphasizes:

    • The importance of internal balance for personal flourishing
    • Philosophical arguments regarding the relationship between virtue and happiness
    • Insights from cognitive science on how harmony can be achieved

    Through this exploration, students will gain a deeper understanding of how to cultivate a fulfilling life.

  • This module focuses on the disordered soul, addressing concepts like Thémis and PTSD. Professor Gendler discusses:

    • The impact of disorder on human well-being
    • Philosophical implications of trauma and societal structures
    • Strategies for restoring order and achieving mental health

    Students will engage with both philosophical texts and modern psychological findings to understand the complexities of the disordered soul.

  • This module examines the relationship between flourishing and attachment. Professor Gendler highlights:

    • The role of social connections in personal happiness
    • Philosophical discussions on the nature of attachment
    • Insights from cognitive science on building and maintaining relationships

    Students will reflect on how attachment influences their understanding of flourishing and well-being.

  • This module discusses flourishing and detachment, focusing on the balance between attachment and independence. Professor Gendler explores:

    • The philosophical implications of detachment for personal growth
    • How detachment can lead to a deeper understanding of happiness
    • Strategies for achieving a balance between connection and autonomy

    Students will engage with texts and research on how detachment can enhance one’s quality of life.

  • This module investigates the concepts of virtue and habit, emphasizing their interconnectedness in ethical living. Professor Gendler discusses:

    • The role of habits in shaping virtuous behavior
    • Philosophical explorations of how virtue is cultivated
    • Insights from cognitive science on habit formation and change

    Students will reflect on practical applications of virtue and habit in their daily lives.

  • Virtue and Habit II
    Tamar Gendler

    This continuation of the previous module further explores virtue and habit, examining how consistency and practice foster moral development. Key topics include:

    • The importance of cultivating good habits for ethical behavior
    • Philosophical insights on the nature of virtue
    • Strategies for reinforcing positive habits in daily life

    Students will gain a deeper understanding of how their choices shape their character.

  • This module addresses weakness of the will and procrastination, exploring the philosophical implications of self-control. Professor Gendler discusses:

    • The nature of willpower and its role in decision-making
    • Philosophical perspectives on procrastination as a moral issue
    • Strategies for overcoming weakness of will

    Students will reflect on their own challenges with self-discipline and explore philosophical solutions.

  • This module explores utilitarianism and its critiques, delving into the philosophical underpinnings of this ethical framework. Professor Gendler covers:

    • The principles of utilitarian thought and its historical context
    • Critiques of utilitarianism, including concerns about justice and individual rights
    • Implications of utilitarian perspectives for contemporary ethical dilemmas

    Students will engage in discussions about the strengths and weaknesses of utilitarianism in moral reasoning.

  • Deontology
    Tamar Gendler

    This module covers deontology, focusing on duty-based ethics and its significance in moral philosophy. Professor Gendler discusses:

    • The foundational principles of deontological ethics
    • How duty influences moral decision-making
    • Critiques of deontological approaches and their implications

    Students will analyze case studies to understand the application of deontological ethics in real-world scenarios.

  • The Trolley Problem
    Tamar Gendler

    This module presents the Trolley Problem, a thought experiment that raises fundamental ethical questions. Professor Gendler explores:

    • The moral dilemmas presented by the Trolley Problem
    • Utilitarian vs. deontological responses to ethical challenges
    • Implications of the Trolley Problem for understanding human morality

    Students will engage in discussions about the complexities of moral decision-making and the factors influencing their choices.

  • This module focuses on empirically-informed responses to ethical questions, integrating philosophical inquiry with scientific findings. Professor Gendler discusses:

    • The role of empirical research in shaping ethical understanding
    • How cognitive science informs moral philosophy
    • Case studies demonstrating the application of empirical insights in ethical discussions

    Students will reflect on how evidence-based approaches can enhance philosophical debates and moral reasoning.

  • Philosophical Puzzles
    Tamar Gendler

    This module presents various philosophical puzzles that challenge students’ understanding of human nature. Professor Gendler explores:

    • Intriguing philosophical questions that provoke deep thought
    • The relationship between philosophical puzzles and cognitive science
    • How these puzzles can illuminate fundamental aspects of human nature

    Students will engage in critical discussions, enhancing their analytical skills and philosophical reasoning.

  • Punishment I
    Tamar Gendler

    This module investigates punishment, focusing on its philosophical and practical implications. Professor Gendler discusses:

    • Theories of punishment and their justifications
    • Ethical considerations surrounding punitive measures
    • Case studies illustrating the complexities of punishment in society

    Students will critically examine the role of punishment in achieving justice and its impact on human behavior.

  • Punishment II
    Tamar Gendler

    This continuation of the previous module further delves into punishment, emphasizing its role in social structures. Professor Gendler covers:

    • How punishment is perceived across different cultures
    • The implications of punitive measures for social justice
    • Alternatives to traditional punishment and their effectiveness

    Students will engage in discussions about reforming punitive systems for a more equitable society.

  • This module examines the concept of Contract and Commonwealth as articulated by Thomas Hobbes. Professor Gendler discusses:

    • The foundational ideas of Hobbes’ social contract theory
    • The implications of Hobbes’ views for modern political philosophy
    • Critiques of Hobbesian thought in relation to human nature and society

    Students will analyze how Hobbes’ ideas continue to influence contemporary discussions about governance and personal rights.

  • The Prisoner's Dilemma
    Tamar Gendler

    This module presents the Prisoner's Dilemma, a critical concept in ethics and game theory. Professor Gendler explores:

    • The ethical implications of cooperation and betrayal
    • How the Prisoner's Dilemma illustrates fundamental human choices
    • Connections between the dilemma and broader philosophical discussions about morality

    Students will engage in practical scenarios to understand the complexities of ethical decision-making.

  • Equality
    Tamar Gendler

    This module addresses the concept of equality, examining its philosophical underpinnings and societal implications. Professor Gendler discusses:

    • Theoretical perspectives on equality and justice
    • Challenges in achieving true equality in society
    • How philosophical discussions can inform contemporary debates on equality

    Students will engage critically with texts that explore the complexities of equality in various contexts.

  • Equality II
    Tamar Gendler

    This continuation of the previous module further explores equality, emphasizing its relevance in modern society. Professor Gendler discusses:

    • Contemporary issues related to equality, such as economic disparity
    • Philosophical approaches to addressing inequality
    • Case studies illustrating the impact of equality on social structures

    Students will reflect on their roles in promoting equality within their communities.

  • Social Structures
    Tamar Gendler

    This module investigates social structures and their impact on human behavior and morality. Professor Gendler explores:

    • The relationship between social systems and individual choices
    • How social structures can influence moral frameworks
    • Philosophical analyses of the role of society in shaping human nature

    Students will engage in discussions about the complexities of social interaction and its ethical implications.

  • This final module addresses censorship and its philosophical implications for society. Professor Gendler discusses:

    • The philosophical foundations of free speech and censorship
    • How censorship affects individual rights and societal norms
    • Case studies illustrating the impact of censorship on public discourse

    Students will critically analyze the balance between protecting society and preserving individual freedoms.

  • Tying up Loose Ends
    Tamar Gendler

    This concluding lecture ties up loose ends and reflects on the course's journey. Professor Gendler revisits key themes and concepts, including:

    • How philosophical inquiry has evolved through the course
    • Reflections on personal growth and understanding
    • The interconnectedness of happiness, morality, and political structures

    Students will consider how their perspectives have changed and the implications for future philosophical exploration.

  • Concluding Lecture
    Tamar Gendler

    This final module serves as a concluding lecture, synthesizing the course's main ideas and themes. Professor Gendler emphasizes:

    • The importance of philosophical inquiry in understanding human nature
    • How interdisciplinary approaches enhance philosophical discussions
    • Future directions for students in their philosophical journeys

    Students will leave with a comprehensive understanding of the course material and its relevance to contemporary issues.