Lecture

Behavioral Finance: The Role of Psychology

This module introduces behavioral finance, emphasizing the psychological factors influencing financial decision-making. Professor Shiller explores how insights from various social sciences have reshaped our understanding of finance. Key topics include:

  • Overconfidence and its effects on investing
  • Prospect Theory and deviations from classical decision-making models
  • Erratic stock price variations explained through psychology

Course Lectures
  • This introductory module sets the stage for the course, outlining its objectives and relevance. Professor Shiller discusses the overarching themes, required textbooks, and the connection to related courses, particularly the interplay with Professor Geanakoplos's course on Financial Theory.

  • Risk and Financial Crises
    Robert Shiller

    In this module, Professor Shiller addresses the critical concepts of risk and financial crises. He discusses how these elements have shaped the financial landscape and their implications for understanding market behavior. Students will learn about historical crises and the underlying risk factors that contribute to market volatility.

  • This module highlights the significant role that finance and insurance play in our economy and society. Professor Shiller emphasizes the importance of studying financial systems and their influence on various sectors. Key topics include:

    • Behavioral finance
    • Financial technology
    • Financial instruments
    • Commercial banking and investment banking
    • Real estate and regulation
    • Monetary policy and democratization of finance
  • This module reviews essential concepts in probability and statistics that underpin financial theories. Professor Shiller explains how these mathematical principles are applied in finance, particularly in risk management. Key topics include:

    • Probability theory and distribution types
    • Variance, standard deviation, and correlation
    • Regression analysis and its importance in financial analysis
    • Present value and time value of money
  • This module delves into the impact of technology and innovation on finance. Professor Shiller outlines how advancements have reshaped risk management practices and financial systems. Key topics include:

    • Pooling risk and moral hazard
    • Historical inventions in finance
    • The evolution of information technology in finance
    • The role of tax and welfare systems in risk management
  • This module focuses on portfolio diversification, a fundamental concept in risk management. Professor Shiller explains how to allocate resources among various asset classes to optimize expected returns while managing risk. Key elements include:

    • Understanding stocks, bonds, and riskless assets
    • Covariance and expected returns in portfolio creation
    • The role of financial institutions in providing diversification services
  • This module examines the role of insurance as a key institution for risk management. Professor Shiller discusses how insurance pools risks to minimize overall exposure and enhance public welfare. Key topics include:

    • The mechanics of risk pooling and its statistical underpinnings
    • Addressing moral hazard and selection bias
    • Innovation and regulation in the insurance industry
  • This module discusses efficient markets versus excess volatility. Professor Shiller reviews the efficient markets hypothesis and its implications for stock price behavior. Key points include:

    • Stock prices reflecting all available information
    • The random walk theory of price changes
    • Testing market efficiency and the possibility of beating the market
  • This module introduces behavioral finance, emphasizing the psychological factors influencing financial decision-making. Professor Shiller explores how insights from various social sciences have reshaped our understanding of finance. Key topics include:

    • Overconfidence and its effects on investing
    • Prospect Theory and deviations from classical decision-making models
    • Erratic stock price variations explained through psychology
  • This module addresses human behavior in finance, including fraud, manipulation, and regulation. Professor Shiller discusses how regulatory bodies work to protect investors against psychological pitfalls. Key themes include:

    • The role of the SEC, FDIC, and SIPC
    • Psychological phenomena affecting investor behavior
    • The importance of maintaining trust in financial markets
  • This module focuses on long-term investing strategies. David Swensen, Yale's Chief Investment Officer, shares insights on how to achieve positive investment returns over time. Key discussions include:

    • The significance of asset allocation and diversification
    • Market timing and security selection limitations
    • Analyzing hedge funds and potential biases
  • This module provides an overview of debt markets and their significance compared to equity markets. Professor Shiller discusses how debt is issued and valued, addressing key concepts such as:

    • The term structure and yield-to-maturity
    • The role of U.S. Treasury and corporate debt issuance
    • Real versus nominal interest rates and indexed bonds
  • Stocks
    Robert Shiller

    This module examines the stock market's role as an information center for corporations. Professor Shiller discusses ownership structures, dividends, and the effects of leverage on corporate performance. Key points include:

    • The relationship between shareholders and corporate decision-making
    • Methods of returning profits to shareholders
    • The Modigliani-Miller theory on leverage
  • This module focuses on real estate finance and its vulnerability to economic crises. Professor Shiller discusses the factors influencing real estate investments and the cyclical nature of home buying. Key topics include:

    • The significance of real estate as an asset class
    • Economic indicators affecting real estate demand
    • The relationship between real estate and financial crises
  • This module discusses banking, highlighting both successes and failures within the banking system. Professor Shiller explains how banks have evolved and their critical role in the economy. Key themes include:

    • Types of banking institutions and their functions
    • Challenges such as adverse selection and liquidity
    • Government regulations and their impact on banking
  • The Efficiency of Markets
    Andrew Redleaf

    This module delves into market efficiency, tackling the question of whether markets truly reflect all available information. Andrew Redleaf shares insights on the challenges of beating the market and discusses psychological barriers. Key points include:

    • Market efficiency and its complexities
    • Investor psychology and its impact on market behavior
    • Risk management strategies and compensation for mitigating risks
  • This guest lecture features Carl Icahn, an influential activist investor, sharing his career journey and insights into corporate finance. He discusses the current economic landscape and the challenges facing corporate management. Key themes include:

    • The importance of strong leadership in corporations
    • Opportunities for young professionals in finance
    • Icahn's perspective on shareholder activism
  • This module explores the evolution of monetary policy and the role of central banks. Professor Shiller discusses the historical context and modern practices in stabilizing economic fluctuations. Key topics include:

    • The history of central banks and their functions
    • The role of monetary policy in economic crises
    • Contemporary challenges facing central banks
  • This module discusses investment banking and secondary markets, emphasizing their roles in the financial system. Professor Shiller discusses reforms and the importance of regulatory oversight. Key points include:

    • The mechanics of investment banking and security underwriting
    • Current challenges in the financial system
    • The role of the SEC in regulating investment banks
  • This module examines professional money managers and their influence on individual investments. Professor Shiller discusses the need for financial advisors and the regulatory framework to protect investors. Key topics include:

    • The role of financial advisors and planners
    • Mutual funds and exchange-traded funds
    • Investment strategies for individuals
  • Brokerage, ECNs, etc
    Robert Shiller

    This module discusses the various exchanges where securities are traded, including the role of brokers and dealers. Professor Shiller highlights innovations that have transformed trading practices over time. Key points include:

    • The function of exchanges in price discovery
    • The evolution of trading technology and methods
    • The significance of electronic communication networks
  • This module examines private equity and its implications during financial crises. Stephen Schwarzman discusses the global finance landscape and the role of private equity firms. Key discussions include:

    • The challenges faced by private equity in turbulent markets
    • Global capital trends and their evolution
    • Career insights within the private equity sector
  • Forwards and Futures
    Robert Shiller

    This module focuses on forwards and futures markets, tracing their origins and evolution. Professor Shiller discusses the purpose of these markets in managing risk for various assets. Key points include:

    • The historical development of futures markets
    • Standardized contracts for hedging risks
    • The importance of futures in modern finance
  • This module explores the expansion of futures markets beyond agriculture. Professor Shiller discusses how these markets now serve a broader range of assets, impacting pricing strategies. Key themes include:

    • The mechanics of pricing in futures markets
    • Backwardation and contango concepts
    • The S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Index as a recent innovation
  • Options Markets
    Robert Shiller

    This module examines options markets and their significance in portfolio management. Professor Shiller explains the structure and pricing of options contracts. Key discussions include:

    • The nonlinearity introduced by options in financial strategies
    • The Black-Scholes model for pricing options
    • Applications of options across various asset classes
  • This final module discusses the democratization of finance, highlighting tools for individual risk management. Professor Shiller reviews the historical context of social insurance programs and their impact on inequality. Key points include:

    • The role of tax systems and bankruptcy laws
    • Government insurance programs and their effectiveness
    • Framing financial decisions with morality and purpose
  • This module features Professor Summers discussing lessons learned from financial crises. He addresses the role of monetary policy and the interconnectedness of economic cycles. Key topics include:

    • The historical context of monetary authority decisions
    • Endogenous factors contributing to financial cycles
    • Models of multiple equilibria and their implications
  • This concluding module continues Professor Summers' analysis of financial crises, focusing on the current subprime crisis. He discusses the implications for interest rates and regulatory measures. Key themes include:

    • The nature of financial breakdown shocks
    • Regulatory actions to stabilize financial institutions
    • Balancing intervention without distorting housing prices