Lecture

Mod-07 Lec-01 Introduction to Digital VLSI Testing

This introductory lecture on Digital VLSI Testing outlines the fundamental concepts and techniques used in testing digital circuits. Topics covered include:

  • The need for testing in the VLSI design process.
  • Overview of various testing methodologies.
  • Introduction to fault models and their significance in testing.
  • Importance of test generation and fault simulation in ensuring circuit reliability.

Students will gain a foundational understanding of how testing fits within the broader context of VLSI design.


Course Lectures
  • Mod-01 Lec-01 Introduction to Digital VLSI Design Flow
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module serves as an introduction to the Digital VLSI Design Flow, covering essential phases of digital circuit design. Students will learn about the overall process that begins with high-level design and moves through various stages to implementation.

    Key topics include:

    • Overview of digital VLSI design
    • Importance of design verification
    • Testing methodologies in VLSI
    • Integration of design, verification, and testing phases
  • Mod-01 Lec-02 High Level Design Representation
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module focuses on High-Level Design Representation, explaining various abstraction levels in digital design. Students will explore representation techniques that facilitate effective design processes.

    Topics covered include:

    • Types of design representations
    • Use of diagrams and models
    • Importance of abstraction in design
    • Tools and techniques for representation
  • Mod-01 Lec-03 Transformations for High Level Synthesis
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module delves into Transformations for High-Level Synthesis (HLS), focusing on methods that convert high-level descriptions into hardware implementations. Students will learn about the significance of transformations in optimizing designs.

    Key aspects include:

    • Overview of HLS transformations
    • Optimization techniques
    • Impact of transformations on performance
    • Case studies on transformation benefits
  • This module introduces the Scheduling, Allocation, and Binding Problem in High-Level Synthesis (HLS). Students will understand how these problems influence the efficiency and effectiveness of digital designs.

    Topics discussed include:

    • Definitions and significance of scheduling
    • Allocation techniques for resources
    • Binding variables to operations
    • Challenges and solutions in HLS
  • Mod-02 Lec-02 Scheduling Algorithms-1
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module covers Scheduling Algorithms, presenting various techniques used in High-Level Synthesis for effective task scheduling. Students will explore algorithmic approaches that enhance design performance.

    Core topics include:

    • Overview of scheduling algorithms
    • Criteria for algorithm selection
    • Comparative analysis of algorithms
    • Real-world applications and examples
  • Mod-02 Lec-03 Scheduling Algorithms-2
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module continues the exploration of Scheduling Algorithms, providing advanced techniques and strategies for optimizing scheduling in High-Level Synthesis. Students will delve deeper into complex algorithmic solutions.

    Important themes include:

    • Advanced scheduling techniques
    • Dynamic vs static scheduling
    • Impact of scheduling on circuit performance
    • Case studies of successful implementations
  • Mod-02 Lec-04 Binding and Allocation Algorithms
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module delves into the various binding and allocation algorithms used in digital VLSI design. Understanding these algorithms is crucial for optimizing resource utilization and ensuring effective circuit design. Key topics include:

    • Overview of binding in hardware design
    • Allocation strategies for circuit components
    • Performance metrics for assessing algorithm efficiency
    • Real-world applications and case studies

    By the end of this module, students will be equipped with the knowledge to apply these algorithms in practical scenarios, enhancing their design verification skills.

  • Mod-03 Lec-01 Two level Boolean Logic Synthesis-1
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module focuses on two-level Boolean logic synthesis, a fundamental aspect of digital circuit design. Students will learn:

    • The principles of two-level logic representations
    • Methods for minimizing logical functions
    • Techniques for optimizing circuit designs
    • Applications of synthesis in real-world scenarios

    Through practical exercises, students will gain hands-on experience in synthesizing efficient two-level Boolean networks, which are vital for modern digital systems.

  • Mod-03 Lec-02 Two level Boolean Logic Synthesis-2
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module continues the exploration of two-level Boolean logic synthesis, building upon previously established concepts. Focus areas include:

    • Advanced minimization techniques for logical functions
    • Comparison of different synthesis algorithms
    • Implementation challenges and solutions
    • Case studies highlighting successful applications

    Students will engage in detailed discussions and exercises to deepen their understanding, preparing them for more complex synthesis tasks.

  • Mod-03 Lec-03 Two level Boolean Logic Synthesis-3
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module further explores two-level Boolean logic synthesis, focusing on practical implementation strategies. Key learning outcomes include:

    • Building complex logic functions from basic components
    • Utilizing software tools for synthesis
    • Analyzing performance and efficiency of synthesized circuits
    • Designing for scalability and future enhancements

    Through collaborative projects, students will synthesize and evaluate their designs, reinforcing theoretical knowledge with practical experience.

  • Mod-03 Lec-04 Heuristic Minimization of Two-Level Circuits
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module focuses on heuristic minimization of two-level circuits, a critical technique in digital design. Key topics covered include:

    • Understanding heuristic methods and their applications
    • Evaluating different minimization techniques
    • Comparative analysis of heuristic vs. classical methods
    • Real-world implications of effective minimization

    Students will engage in practical exercises to apply heuristic methods in minimizing circuits, enhancing their problem-solving skills.

  • Mod-03 Lec-05 Finite State Machine Synthesis
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module covers finite state machine (FSM) synthesis, an essential concept in digital circuits. Key areas of focus include:

    • Introduction to finite state machines and their significance
    • Designing FSMs using state diagrams and transition tables
    • Optimization techniques for FSM implementation
    • Real-world applications of FSMs in digital systems

    Students will learn to design and optimize FSMs, gaining valuable insights into their application across various digital systems.

  • Mod-03 Lec-06 Multilevel Implementation
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module delves into multilevel implementation techniques essential for optimizing digital circuits. Students will learn about:

    • The concept of multilevel logic synthesis.
    • Techniques for reducing gate counts and improving circuit performance.
    • Implementation of combinational and sequential circuits using multilevel approaches.
    • Analysis of trade-offs between different implementation strategies.

    By the end of this module, students will be equipped with the knowledge to effectively apply multilevel design practices in their VLSI projects.

  • Mod-04 Lec-01 Introduction to formal methods for design verification
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module provides an introduction to formal methods utilized in design verification. It covers:

    • The significance of formal methods in ensuring the correctness of digital designs.
    • Various formal verification techniques and their applications.
    • How formal methods can be integrated into the VLSI design flow.
    • Challenges and best practices in applying formal verification.

    Students will gain insights into how these methods enhance reliability and reduce errors in digital circuit designs.

  • Mod-04 Lec-02 Temporal Logic: Introduction and Basic Operators
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module introduces students to the fundamentals of temporal logic, focusing on:

    • The basic operators of temporal logic.
    • How temporal logic is used to specify properties of systems over time.
    • Applications of temporal logic in model checking.
    • Real-world examples illustrating the use of temporal logic in design verification.

    By the conclusion of this module, students will understand how to apply temporal logic to enhance the verification process of digital systems.

  • Mod-04 Lec-03 Syntax and Semantics of CTL
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module presents the syntax and semantics of Computation Tree Logic (CTL). Key topics include:

    • The formal definitions of CTL syntax and its components.
    • Understanding the semantics and how it relates to system behavior.
    • How to construct CTL formulas to represent various properties of systems.
    • Examples illustrating the application of CTL in verification processes.

    Students will develop an understanding of how to effectively utilize CTL in formal verification tasks.

  • Mod-04 Lec-04 Syntax and Semantics of CTL -- Continued
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module continues the exploration of CTL, focusing on:

    • Advanced syntax and semantics of CTL.
    • Differences between CTL and other temporal logics.
    • Complex examples demonstrating CTL's capabilities.
    • Implementation of verification techniques using CTL.

    By the end of this module, students will gain a deeper understanding of CTL and its practical applications in verification.

  • Mod-04 Lec-05 Equivalence between CTL Formulas
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module discusses equivalence between CTL formulas, addressing:

    • Concepts of equivalence and their importance in verification.
    • Techniques for proving the equivalence of CTL formulas.
    • Examples of equivalent CTL formulas and their implications.
    • Applications in optimizing verification processes.

    Students will learn how to leverage equivalence concepts to improve verification strategies and ensure system correctness.

  • Mod-05 Lec-01 Introduction to Model Checking
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module introduces the concept of model checking, a crucial verification technique used in digital VLSI design. Model checking allows the validation of hardware systems by checking whether a model of a system meets a given specification. The module will cover:

    • Fundamentals of model checking and its significance in VLSI design.
    • Key properties and specifications used in model checking.
    • Introduction to temporal logic and its application in model verification.

    By the end of this module, students will understand the basic principles of model checking and its role in ensuring the correctness of digital circuits.

  • Mod-05 Lec-02 Model Checking Algorithms I
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module delves into the first set of algorithms used in model checking, essential for verifying complex digital systems. Students will explore:

    • Specific algorithms utilized in model checking processes.
    • The role of state-space exploration in verification.
    • Techniques for optimizing model checking algorithms.

    Through practical examples, learners will gain insights into the application of these algorithms in real-world VLSI design scenarios, enhancing their verification skills.

  • Mod-05 Lec-03 Model Checking Algorithms II
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module continues the exploration of advanced model checking algorithms. Students will learn:

    • More intricate algorithms used for verification tasks.
    • Comparison between different model checking approaches.
    • Real-world applications and case studies demonstrating algorithm effectiveness.

    By understanding these advanced concepts, students will be better equipped to handle complex verification scenarios in digital VLSI design.

  • Mod-05 Lec-04 Model Checking with Fairness
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module introduces the concept of fairness in model checking. Fairness is critical when dealing with concurrent systems, where processes may not execute in a predictable manner. Key topics include:

    • Understanding different types of fairness conditions.
    • The impact of fairness on model checking results.
    • Techniques for incorporating fairness into model checking algorithms.

    Students will engage in exercises that apply these concepts to practical examples, reinforcing their understanding of fairness in VLSI design verification.

  • Mod-06 Lec-01 Binary Decision Diagram: Introduction and construction
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module serves as an introduction to Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs), a vital data structure used in the representation of Boolean functions. Topics covered include:

    • The structure and properties of BDDs.
    • Construction methods for BDDs, including variable ordering.
    • Applications of BDDs in optimization and verification of digital systems.

    Students will engage with hands-on examples that demonstrate how BDDs can simplify complex Boolean functions and enhance their understanding of digital circuit design.

  • Mod-06 Lec-02 Ordered Binary Decision Diagram
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module focuses on Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDDs), which enhance the functionality of traditional BDDs by imposing a specific order on variables. The module will cover:

    • Differences between BDDs and OBDDs and their respective advantages.
    • Construction techniques for OBDDs.
    • Applications of OBDDs in digital circuit design and verification processes.

    By the end of the module, students will be adept at using OBDDs for more efficient representation and manipulation of Boolean functions.

  • Mod-06 Lec-03 Operation on Ordered Binary Decision Diagram
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    The third lecture of Module 06 delves into the operations on Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDDs), which are essential in representing Boolean functions efficiently. This module covers:

    • The structure and properties of OBDDs.
    • Operations that can be performed on OBDDs including conjunction, disjunction, and negation.
    • Applications of OBDDs in logic synthesis and verification.
    • Optimization techniques to enhance the performance of OBDDs in various applications.

    By understanding these operations, students will gain insight into how OBDDs can be utilized for efficient digital circuit design and verification processes.

  • In this lecture, we focus on the application of Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDDs) for modeling state transition systems. Key topics include:

    • The role of OBDDs in representing state machines.
    • Techniques for constructing OBDDs from finite state machines (FSMs).
    • Analysis of state transitions and properties using OBDDs.
    • Benefits of using OBDDs in verification processes for state transition systems.

    This knowledge is critical for students aiming to understand advanced modeling techniques in digital VLSI design.

  • Mod-06 Lec-05 Symbolic Model Checking
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This lecture introduces Symbolic Model Checking, a powerful verification technique for digital systems. Key points include:

    • An overview of model checking and its significance in verifying hardware designs.
    • Explanation of symbolic representation and its advantages over traditional methods.
    • Detailed discussion of algorithms used in symbolic model checking.
    • Case studies demonstrating the effectiveness of symbolic model checking in complex systems.

    Students will learn how this technique enhances the reliability of VLSI design through rigorous verification processes.

  • Mod-07 Lec-01 Introduction to Digital VLSI Testing
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This introductory lecture on Digital VLSI Testing outlines the fundamental concepts and techniques used in testing digital circuits. Topics covered include:

    • The need for testing in the VLSI design process.
    • Overview of various testing methodologies.
    • Introduction to fault models and their significance in testing.
    • Importance of test generation and fault simulation in ensuring circuit reliability.

    Students will gain a foundational understanding of how testing fits within the broader context of VLSI design.

  • Mod-07 Lec-02 Functional and Structural Testing
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This lecture covers Functional and Structural Testing, which are critical aspects of ensuring digital circuits perform as intended. The module includes:

    • The distinction between functional testing and structural testing methodologies.
    • Techniques for developing functional test cases based on specifications.
    • Structural testing approaches such as path testing and boundary value analysis.
    • Real-world applications and examples demonstrating the importance of both testing types.

    Students will learn how these testing strategies contribute to the overall quality of VLSI designs.

  • Mod-07 Lec-03 Fault Equivalence
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module focuses on Fault Equivalence, a critical concept in VLSI testing. Students will explore:

    • The definitions and types of fault equivalence in digital circuits.
    • Methods for identifying equivalent faults and their implications for testing.
    • Impact of fault equivalence on test generation and fault simulation.
    • Examples illustrating the practical importance of understanding fault equivalence in VLSI testing.

    By the end of this lecture, students will appreciate how fault equivalence influences the efficiency of testing strategies.

  • Mod-08 Lec-01 Fault Simulation-1
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module delves into the fundamental principles of fault simulation in digital circuits. Understanding fault simulation is crucial for identifying potential vulnerabilities in VLSI designs. The key areas covered in this module include:

    • Definition and importance of fault simulation in VLSI testing.
    • Overview of various fault models used in fault simulation.
    • Techniques to simulate and analyze faults in combinational and sequential circuits.
    • Practical examples and case studies to illustrate fault simulation processes.

    Students will gain hands-on experience with tools that assist in simulating faults and understanding the implications of these faults on the overall circuit performance.

  • Mod-08 Lec-02 Fault Simulation-2
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module continues the exploration of fault simulation with a focus on advanced techniques and methodologies. Students will explore:

    • Different simulation algorithms that enhance fault detection capabilities.
    • Detailed analysis of fault propagation through complex circuits.
    • Optimization strategies for improving simulation speed and accuracy.
    • Real-world applications and scenarios where advanced fault simulation is critical.

    By the end of this module, participants will be adept at utilizing state-of-the-art tools for effective fault simulation, improving their design verification skills.

  • Mod-08 Lec-03 Fault Simulation-3
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module focuses on the third part of fault simulation, emphasizing practical implementation and case studies. Key topics include:

    • Step-by-step guidance on executing fault simulations in real-world scenarios.
    • Review of common pitfalls in fault simulation and how to avoid them.
    • Benchmarking simulation tools and their effectiveness in design verification.
    • Hands-on exercises with dedicated tools for fault simulation.

    Students will leave this module with a comprehensive toolkit for conducting fault simulations effectively.

  • Mod-08 Lec-04 Testability Measures (SCOAP)
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module introduces testability measures, specifically focusing on the SCOAP (Structural Testability and Observability Analysis) methodology. The following will be covered:

    • Understanding the concept of testability in digital circuits.
    • In-depth exploration of SCOAP metrics and their significance.
    • Techniques for improving testability in VLSI designs.
    • Implementation of SCOAP in design workflows to enhance fault coverage.

    Participants will acquire skills to analyze and enhance the testability of their designs, ensuring robust and reliable circuit performance.

  • This module provides a foundational overview of Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) and the underlying algebras used in this process. Students will learn about:

    • The significance of ATPG in digital circuit testing.
    • Key algorithms and methodologies used in ATPG.
    • Introduction to various ATPG algebras and their applications.
    • Case studies showcasing ATPG in real-world scenarios.

    This knowledge is essential for developing effective test patterns that ensure thorough validation of digital circuits.

  • Mod-09 Lec-02 D-Algorithm-1
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    The final module introduces the D-Algorithm, a pivotal technique in ATPG. Key topics include:

    • Understanding the D-Algorithm and its theoretical foundation.
    • Step-by-step application of the algorithm for generating test patterns.
    • Comparison of the D-Algorithm with other ATPG techniques.
    • Practical exercises to reinforce the learning objectives.

    By completing this module, students will be equipped with the skills to implement the D-Algorithm in ATPG contexts effectively.

  • Mod-09 Lec-03 D-Algorithm-2
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    The D-Algorithm, a pivotal method in digital circuit testing, focuses on generating test patterns to identify faults in combinational circuits.

    This module delves into:

    • The foundational concepts of the D-Algorithm.
    • Step-by-step procedures for applying the algorithm in practical scenarios.
    • Discussion of the advantages and limitations of the D-Algorithm.

    Students will engage in problem-solving sessions to reinforce their understanding and application of the algorithm in various contexts.

  • Mod-10 Lec-01 ATPG for Synchronous Sequential Circuits
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module introduces Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) specifically for synchronous sequential circuits. Students will learn about:

    • The importance of ATPG in VLSI testing.
    • The underlying principles governing synchronous sequential circuits.
    • Different ATPG techniques and their applications.

    Real-world examples and case studies will be discussed to illustrate the practical implementation of ATPG processes, enabling students to develop test patterns that ensure circuit reliability.

  • Mod-10 Lec-02 Scan Chain based Sequential Circuit Testing-1
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module covers the concept of Scan Chain based testing for sequential circuits, focusing on the first part of the two-part series. Key topics include:

    • Introduction to Scan Chain architecture and its significance in testing.
    • Implementation techniques for integrating Scan Chains into sequential designs.
    • Benefits of using Scan Chains in enhancing fault detection capabilities.

    Students will engage in hands-on exercises to implement Scan Chain testing strategies effectively, ensuring they grasp the practical aspects of the methodology.

  • Mod-10 Lec-03 Scan Chain based Sequential Circuit Testing-2
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    Continuing from the previous module, this second part dives deeper into Scan Chain based testing, exploring complex scenarios and applications. Students will study:

    • Advanced techniques for optimizing Scan Chain designs.
    • Case studies demonstrating successful implementation in real-world projects.
    • Common challenges faced during testing and strategies to overcome them.

    The module aims to equip students with the skills to design and implement efficient Scan Chain testing strategies in various digital systems.

  • Mod-11 Lec-01 Built in Self Test-1
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module focuses on Built-in Self Test (BIST), a crucial methodology for testing integrated circuits. Key contents include:

    • Fundamental concepts and principles of BIST.
    • The design and architecture of BIST systems.
    • Benefits and limitations of using BIST in VLSI testing.

    Through examples and practical exercises, students will learn to design BIST systems that can autonomously perform testing, thereby enhancing reliability and reducing testing time.

  • Mod-11 Lec-02 Built in Self Test-2
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module continues with an in-depth exploration of Built-in Self Test (BIST) methodologies, focusing on advanced concepts and real-world implementations. Students will cover:

    • Enhanced BIST architectures and their applications in various circuits.
    • Techniques for optimizing BIST performance.
    • Case studies showcasing effective BIST implementations.

    The objective is to enable students to apply BIST strategies effectively in their designs, ensuring robust testing mechanisms within digital systems.

  • Mod-11 Lec-03 Memory Testing-1
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    This module focuses on Memory Testing, an essential aspect of VLSI design verification. Memory components are critical in digital systems, and ensuring their reliability is paramount.

    Key topics include:

    • Understanding the various types of memory architectures used in VLSI.
    • Examining common fault models associated with memory systems.
    • Learning about the methodologies for testing memory, including both functional and structural testing approaches.

    Students will engage with practical examples that illustrate memory testing techniques, emphasizing the importance of ensuring data integrity and fault tolerance in digital circuits.

  • Mod-11 Lec-04 Memory Testing-2
    Dr. Santosh Biswas, Prof. Jatindra Kumar Deka

    The second part of Memory Testing dives deeper into advanced techniques and algorithms used to ensure memory reliability in VLSI design. This module covers:

    • In-depth analysis of various testing strategies for memory circuits, including boundary scan techniques.
    • Exploration of built-in self-test (BIST) methodologies specifically for memory.
    • Insights into state-of-the-art simulations and fault detection algorithms that enhance memory testing efficiency.

    Through case studies and real-world examples, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of how to implement effective testing procedures for different memory types, ensuring robust performance in digital VLSI applications.