Course

Introductory Sociology

Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

Welcome to the Introductory Sociology course, where you will delve into various sociological concepts and frameworks that shape our understanding of society. This course provides a comprehensive overview of key topics, including:

  1. Sociological approaches
  2. Definition and classification of family
  3. Perspectives on family
  4. Concept of power and its implications
  5. Social conditions influencing religion
  6. Functions of education
  7. Social inequality and stratification
  8. Understanding deviance
  9. Theories of social change
  10. Malthusian theory of population
  11. Ethnography in India

This course is designed to provide a solid foundation in sociology, emphasizing the relevance of sociological thought in contemporary society.

Course Lectures
  • This module introduces the fundamental question, "What is sociology?" It explores the definition of sociology as a discipline that studies the development, structure, and functioning of human society.

    Key topics include:

    • The scope of sociology
    • Importance of sociological perspectives
    • Application of sociology in everyday life
  • This module focuses on sociological approaches, examining the various methodologies that sociologists utilize to study social phenomena. It presents key theoretical perspectives including:

    • Functionalism
    • Conflict theory
    • Symbolic interactionism

    Students will learn how these approaches shape research and interpretation of social issues.

  • This module delves into the nature of society, emphasizing the relationship between individuals and groups. Key areas of focus include:

    • The role of individuals in society
    • Social groups and their impacts
    • Interpersonal relationships and social dynamics

    Students will gain insights into how individual behaviors influence and are influenced by group dynamics.

  • This module addresses the concepts of cooperation and conflict within societies. It explores how these forces shape social interactions and societal structures. Important topics include:

    • Definitions and examples of cooperation
    • Types and sources of conflict
    • The role of social institutions in mediating conflict

    Students will analyze case studies to understand the balance between cooperation and conflict in various contexts.

  • This module introduces the concept of family, focusing on its definition and various classifications. Students will explore the significance of family in society, examining:

    • Different types of family structures
    • The role of family in socialization
    • Impact of cultural variations on family dynamics

    The module emphasizes the importance of family as a fundamental social unit.

  • This module addresses various perspectives on family, highlighting how different theoretical frameworks interpret family roles and functions. Topics covered include:

    • Functionalist views on family
    • Conflict perspectives regarding family dynamics
    • Symbolic interactionism and family interactions

    Students will analyze how these perspectives inform our understanding of familial relationships.

  • This module focuses on the definition of the state, exploring its fundamental characteristics, functions, and role in society. Key themes include:

    • The concept of authority and governance
    • State power and its legitimacy
    • Social contract theories

    Students will examine how the state interacts with individuals and groups within society.

  • This module examines the state in India, focusing on its structure, functions, and the unique challenges it faces. Key topics include:

    • Historical evolution of the Indian state
    • Democratic frameworks and practices
    • Social issues and state responses

    Students will analyze case studies to understand the complexities of governance in India.

  • This module introduces the concept of power, examining its definitions, sources, and implications in society. Key areas of focus include:

    • Types of power (e.g., political, economic, social)
    • The relationship between power and authority
    • Power dynamics in various social contexts

    Students will engage in discussions on the role of power in shaping social relations.

  • This module explores functionalist and Marxist perspectives on power, discussing their interpretations and critiques. Students will examine:

    • The functionalist view of social order and power distribution
    • Marxist critiques of power structures and class struggles
    • Comparative analysis of both perspectives

    This comparative approach will help students understand the complexities of power in society.

  • This module addresses the need for work, examining its significance in society. Key discussions include:

    • Economic necessity and individual identity
    • Work as a means of social integration
    • Changing perceptions of work in contemporary society

    Students will analyze how work shapes individual lives and societal structures.

  • This module explores the relationship between social change and work, highlighting how shifts in work patterns influence societal transformations. Topics include:

    • Technological advancements and their impact on work
    • Globalization and changing labor markets
    • Work environments and social mobility

    Students will evaluate case studies demonstrating the interplay between work and social change.

  • This module focuses on development and work, investigating how socioeconomic development impacts labor and employment practices. Key discussions include:

    • The role of education in workforce development
    • Government policies and employment opportunities
    • Global trends in workforce development

    Students will analyze different models of development and their implications for work.

  • This module investigates capitalism and motivation for work, examining how economic systems influence individual and collective motivations. Topics include:

    • Capitalist values and work ethics
    • Motivational theories in the workplace
    • Impact of capitalism on job satisfaction

    Students will evaluate the relationship between economic systems and workforce motivation.

  • This module addresses social conditions and religious thought, exploring how societal factors shape religious beliefs and practices. Key areas include:

    • Historical context of religious development
    • Influence of culture on religious practices
    • Impact of social change on religious thought

    Students will analyze how social conditions affect religious expressions and community.

  • This module investigates the bases of religion, examining foundational elements that contribute to religious beliefs. Key discussions include:

    • The role of myths and rituals
    • Social functions of religion
    • Comparative analysis of different religious systems

    Students will engage with diverse religious frameworks and their sociological implications.

  • This module covers forms of religious beliefs, focusing on how different societies express their spirituality. Topics include:

    • Monotheism vs. polytheism
    • Religious pluralism and tolerance
    • New religious movements

    Students will analyze the diversity of religious expressions across cultures.

  • This module focuses on explanations of religion, exploring various theoretical perspectives on the role and function of religion in society. Key discussions include:

    • Functionalist perspectives on religion
    • Conflict theories regarding religion
    • Symbolic interactionism and religious symbols

    Students will critically evaluate these theories and their implications for understanding religion.

  • This module examines the relationship between religion and society, exploring how social factors influence religious practices and vice versa. Key areas include:

    • Religion as a social institution
    • Impact of secularization on religious practices
    • Religion and social change

    Students will analyze case studies to understand this reciprocal relationship.

  • This module addresses the contributions of Marx and Weber to the understanding of religion, focusing on their differing perspectives. Key discussions include:

    • Marx's view of religion as the "opiate of the masses"
    • Weber's concept of the "Protestant Ethic"
    • Comparative analysis of their theories

    Students will evaluate the relevance of these contributions in contemporary sociology.

  • This module explores the concept of education, examining its definition, purpose, and role in society. Key topics include:

    • Different forms of education (formal and informal)
    • The impact of education on social mobility
    • Education as a tool for social integration

    Students will analyze the relationship between education and societal development.

  • This module discusses the functions of education, analyzing how education serves various roles in society. Key areas of focus include:

    • Socialization and cultural transmission
    • Preparation for the workforce
    • Promotion of social cohesion and integration

    Students will evaluate how education fulfills these functions in different contexts.

  • This module investigates social stratification, focusing on social inequality and its manifestations. Key discussions include:

    • Definitions and dimensions of social inequality
    • Factors contributing to stratification
    • Consequences of social inequality for individuals and groups

    Students will analyze case studies illustrating the impact of stratification on society.

  • This module explores explanations of social stratification, discussing various theories that attempt to explain social hierarchies. Key areas include:

    • Functionalist explanations of stratification
    • Conflict theory perspectives
    • Social mobility and its implications

    Students will critically evaluate these theories and their relevance in understanding social inequality.

  • This module analyzes theories and facts related to social stratification, emphasizing the empirical evidence supporting various theories. Key discussions include:

    • Historical perspectives on stratification
    • Contemporary studies and their findings
    • Comparative analysis of stratification systems

    Students will engage with research to understand the complexities of social stratification.

  • This module focuses on stratification in India, examining the unique socio-cultural factors that shape the stratification system. Topics include:

    • Caste system and social hierarchies
    • Regional disparities and their impact
    • Government policies addressing inequality

    Students will analyze how stratification manifests in the Indian context.

  • This module examines the concept of deviance, exploring its definitions and significance in society. Key discussions include:

    • Types of deviance and societal responses
    • The role of social norms and values
    • Factors influencing deviant behavior

    Students will analyze how societies define and react to deviance.

  • This module explores perspectives on deviance, analyzing how different theoretical frameworks interpret deviant behavior. Key areas include:

    • Functionalist perspectives on deviance
    • Conflict theory and deviance
    • Symbolic interactionism and labeling theory

    Students will critically evaluate how these perspectives shape our understanding of deviance.

  • This module discusses theories of deviance, focusing on various explanations for deviant behavior. Key discussions include:

    • Strain theory and its implications
    • Social learning theory
    • Cultural deviance theory

    Students will analyze case studies to understand the applicability of these theories.

  • This module introduces the definition of social change, exploring its various forms and implications. Key areas include:

    • Differentiating between gradual and rapid social change
    • Factors driving social change
    • Impacts of social change on individuals and society

    Students will analyze historical and contemporary examples of social change.

  • This module examines theories of social change, analyzing various frameworks that seek to explain how and why social change occurs. Key discussions include:

    • Evolutionary theories of change
    • Revolutionary theories and their implications
    • The role of technology in social change

    Students will critically evaluate these theories and their relevance in contemporary society.

  • This module discusses social change in industrial society, focusing on how industrialization has transformed social structures and relationships. Key areas include:

    • Impact of industrialization on labor and employment
    • Urbanization and its consequences
    • Changing family structures in industrial societies

    Students will analyze case studies illustrating the effects of industrialization on society.

  • This module explores urbanization and related issues in social change, examining the dynamics of urban growth and its social implications. Key discussions include:

    • Causes of urbanization
    • Social challenges in urban environments
    • Urban planning and policy responses

    Students will analyze the complex relationship between urbanization and social change.

  • This module addresses the Malthusian theory of population, exploring its key concepts and implications for society. Key areas include:

    • Population growth and resource scarcity
    • Environmental impacts of population increase
    • Contemporary critiques of Malthusian theory

    Students will evaluate the relevance of Malthusian ideas in today's socio-political context.

  • This module focuses on the relationship between population and society, examining how population dynamics influence social structures and issues. Key discussions include:

    • Demographic transitions and their social implications
    • Population policies and their effectiveness
    • Interplay between population growth and economic development

    Students will analyze case studies to understand the effects of population changes on society.

  • This module introduces perspectives in sociology, discussing how different sociological frameworks inform our understanding of social phenomena. Key areas include:

    • Overview of major sociological theories
    • The importance of perspective in sociological inquiry
    • Application of perspectives to contemporary issues

    Students will engage with various sociological viewpoints and their implications for studying society.

  • This module continues the discussion on perspectives in sociology, emphasizing the significance of diverse viewpoints in understanding social complexities. Key topics include:

    • Intersectionality in sociological analysis
    • The role of culture and identity
    • Globalization and its sociological implications

    Students will critically assess how varying perspectives contribute to a holistic understanding of social issues.

  • This module examines social problems and theory, exploring how sociological theories inform our understanding of pressing social issues. Key discussions include:

    • Identification and analysis of social problems
    • Application of sociological theories to real-world issues
    • Policy implications and potential solutions

    Students will engage with case studies to contextualize theory within social problems.

  • This module introduces sociological methods, focusing on different research methodologies used in sociology. Topics include:

    • Qualitative and quantitative research methods
    • Data collection techniques
    • Ethical considerations in sociological research

    Students will gain practical insights into conducting sociological research.

  • This module focuses on ethnography as a sociological method, examining its principles and applications. Key discussions include:

    • Ethnographic research design
    • Fieldwork techniques and participant observation
    • Challenges and ethical considerations in ethnography

    Students will analyze ethnographic studies to understand its impact on sociological research.

  • This module investigates ethnography in India, focusing on specific case studies and the unique cultural contexts that shape ethnographic research. Key discussions include:

    • Ethnographic studies in Indian communities
    • Cultural diversity and its implications
    • Ethical considerations in Indian ethnography

    Students will critically assess the role of ethnography in understanding Indian society.