Course

Chemical Reaction Engineering

Indian Institute of Science Bangalore

This course offers an in-depth exploration of advanced concepts in chemical reaction engineering, aiming to equip students with the skills necessary to tackle complex reacting systems. The objectives of the course include:

  1. Understanding complex chemical reaction mechanisms and kinetics.
  2. Analyzing transport effects in multiphase reactive systems.
  3. Designing advanced reactors while considering energy balances and stability.

Upon completion, students will be proficient in designing and analyzing various complex reacting systems relevant to both traditional and innovative areas of chemical engineering.

The course modules include:

  1. Review of Undergraduate Reaction Engineering: Stoichiometry, thermodynamics of reacting systems, kinetics of elementary reactions, ideal reactors (CSTR/PFR).
  2. Kinetics of Complex Reactions: Mechanism and kinetics, chain, catalytic, polymerization, biochemical reactions, reaction network analysis, lumping analysis, and parameter estimation.
  3. Heterogeneous Reactions: Mass transport with reaction, catalytic and non-catalytic processes, gas-solid and gas-liquid reactions.
  4. Chemical Reactor Design: Transient and steady-state analysis, optimal reactor design, multiphase reactors (fixed, fluidized, trickle bed, slurry), and non-ideal continuous flow reactors.
Course Lectures
  • This module serves as an introduction to the field of chemical reaction engineering. It outlines the fundamental concepts that will be explored in the course.

    Students will learn about:

    • The significance of chemical reactions in engineering.
    • Basic terminologies and notations used in chemical reactions.
    • The importance of stoichiometry in reaction engineering.
  • This module delves into the basic concepts of representing chemical reactions. Students will explore various methods of depicting reactions accurately.

    Key topics include:

    1. Reaction equations and their components.
    2. Balancing chemical equations.
    3. Understanding reaction rates and their implications.
  • This module focuses on the thermodynamics of chemical reactions, providing a deep understanding of energy changes during reactions.

    Students will examine:

    • The first and second laws of thermodynamics.
    • Gibbs free energy and its relevance to chemical reactions.
    • Equilibrium constants and their calculations.
  • This module continues the exploration of thermodynamics, focusing on advanced principles and applications in chemical reactions.

    Topics covered include:

    • Phase equilibria and its significance.
    • Temperature and pressure effects on reactions.
    • Calculation of reaction spontaneity and feasibility.
  • This module provides an overview of chemical reaction kinetics, focusing on the rates of reactions and factors influencing them.

    Key areas of study include:

    • Rate laws and their derivations.
    • Factors affecting reaction rates, including concentration and temperature.
    • Elementary and complex reaction mechanisms.
  • This module integrates chemical reaction kinetics with reactor design principles, demonstrating their interdependence.

    Students will learn:

    • How kinetics influences reactor design choices.
    • Design equations for different reactor types.
    • Optimization techniques for reactor performance.
  • This module covers the principles and strategies of chemical reactor design, focusing on various types of reactors and their applications.

    Topics include:

    • Continuous and batch reactor designs.
    • Heat and mass transfer considerations in reactor design.
    • Designing for safety and efficiency in chemical reactors.
  • This module emphasizes problem-solving techniques related to thermodynamics and kinetics, equipping students with practical skills.

    Students will engage in:

    • Real-world case studies and scenarios.
    • Hands-on problem-solving sessions.
    • Application of theoretical concepts to practical situations.
  • This module introduces complex reactions, setting the stage for more detailed studies in subsequent lessons.

    Key elements include:

    • Defining complex reactions compared to simple reactions.
    • Understanding the factors that complicate reaction mechanisms.
    • The importance of reaction networks in chemical engineering.
  • This module focuses on yield and selectivity in complex reactions, crucial for optimizing chemical processes.

    Students will learn about:

    • Factors affecting yield and selectivity in reactions.
    • Techniques for measuring and improving yield.
    • Case studies illustrating yield optimization in industrial processes.
  • This module explores quasi-steady state and quasi-equilibrium approximations in the context of complex reactions.

    Key discussions include:

    • Theoretical foundations of quasi-steady state approximations.
    • Applications of these approximations in reaction engineering.
    • Limitations and assumptions involved in using these concepts.
  • This module focuses on the kinetics of chain reactions and polymerization, emphasizing their unique characteristics and challenges.

    Students will learn:

    • The mechanisms of chain reactions.
    • Kinetic models for polymerization processes.
    • Applications of chain reaction kinetics in industry.
  • This module introduces catalytic reactions, focusing on the fundamental principles and types of catalysts used in chemical processes.

    Topics covered include:

    • Types of catalysts: homogeneous vs. heterogeneous.
    • The role of catalysts in enhancing reaction rates.
    • Factors influencing catalytic activity and selectivity.
  • This module explores adsorption and desorption processes in catalytic reactions, focusing on their significance and mechanisms.

    Key discussions include:

    • Theories of adsorption and desorption.
    • Factors affecting these processes in catalysis.
    • Applications in optimizing catalytic reaction efficiency.
  • This module delves into the kinetics of catalytic reactions, addressing the complexities involved in modeling and analysis.

    Students will explore:

    • Kinetic expressions for catalytic reactions.
    • Rate equations and their derivations.
    • Experimental methods for determining reaction kinetics.
  • This module introduces the concept of monomolecular reaction networks and the technique of lumping analysis.

    Key aspects include:

    • Understanding monomolecular reactions and their characteristics.
    • The importance of lumping analysis in simplifying complex systems.
    • Applications of lumping in reaction engineering.
  • This module emphasizes problem-solving approaches for complex reactions, allowing students to apply theoretical knowledge to practical challenges.

    Activities include:

    • Case studies of complex reaction scenarios.
    • Hands-on problem-solving workshops.
    • Collaborative projects emphasizing real-world applications.
  • This module provides an in-depth look at gas-solid catalytic reactions, focusing on external diffusion and its impact on reaction rates.

    Key topics include:

    • Understanding the role of external diffusion in catalytic processes.
    • Models to predict diffusion limitations.
    • Techniques for measuring diffusion rates.
  • This module explores transport phenomena within catalyst pellets during gas-solid catalytic reactions, emphasizing their significance in reaction kinetics.

    Topics include:

    • Transport mechanisms within pellets.
    • Effects of pellet size and shape on reaction efficiency.
    • Modeling transport phenomena in catalytic systems.
  • This module focuses on the diffusion and reaction processes occurring in gas-solid catalytic reactions, integrating theory with practical examples.

    Key discussions include:

    • Understanding diffusion mechanisms in catalysts.
    • Impact of reaction conditions on diffusion and reaction rates.
    • Case studies showcasing real-world applications.
  • This module focuses on the fundamentals of gas-solid catalytic reactions, exploring the mechanisms involved in diffusion and reaction processes.

    The content includes:

    • Principles of gas-solid interactions.
    • Diffusion limitations and their impact on reaction rates.
    • Analysis of catalytic efficiency in various systems.

    By the end, students will have a solid understanding of how these reactions are modeled and analyzed.

  • This module continues the exploration of gas-solid catalytic reactions, emphasizing advanced diffusion concepts and their influence on reaction kinetics.

    Key topics include:

    • Advanced diffusion theories.
    • Effect of particle size and shape on reaction dynamics.
    • Modeling and simulation of reaction systems.

    Students will learn to apply these concepts to real-world scenarios, enhancing their analytical skills.

  • This module delves into the nonisothermal effects observed in gas-solid catalytic reactions, focusing on thermal influences on reaction performance.

    Topics covered include:

    • Heat transfer mechanisms in catalytic systems.
    • Impact of temperature variations on reaction rates.
    • Stability and control of nonisothermal reactors.

    By the end of this module, students will be equipped to design reactors considering thermal dynamics.

  • This module introduces gas-solid non-catalytic reactions, detailing the mechanisms and kinetic principles governing these processes.

    Students will explore:

    • Key characteristics of non-catalytic reactions.
    • Influence of mass transfer on reaction kinetics.
    • Modeling approaches for non-catalytic systems.

    By the end, participants will be able to analyze and predict the performance of non-catalytic reactions effectively.

  • Mod-04 Lec-25 Gas-Liquid Reactions
    Prof. Jayant M Modak

    This module focuses on gas-liquid reactions, emphasizing the unique challenges and characteristics of multiphase systems.

    Key content areas include:

    • Mechanisms of mass transfer between phases.
    • Analysis of reaction kinetics in gas-liquid systems.
    • Design considerations for gas-liquid reactors.

    Students will learn to optimize reactors for efficient gas-liquid interactions.

  • This module emphasizes problem-solving strategies for heterogeneous reactions, allowing students to apply theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios.

    It includes:

    • Case studies of real-world heterogeneous reactions.
    • Analytical methods for solving reaction problems.
    • Designing experiments to test hypotheses.

    By the end, students will be adept at addressing complex problems in chemical reaction engineering.

  • This module covers mass and energy balances in chemical reactor design, providing a foundational understanding necessary for complex system analysis.

    Topics include:

    • Fundamentals of mass balance equations.
    • Energy conservation principles in reactors.
    • Applications of balances in reactor design.

    Students will be prepared to tackle various reactor design challenges using these principles.

  • This module extends the concepts of mass and energy balances specifically for heterogeneous reactions, focusing on their unique characteristics.

    Key aspects include:

    • Complexities of multiphase systems.
    • Balancing equations for heterogeneous reactions.
    • Design considerations for heterogeneous reactors.

    Students will learn to apply these balances to optimize reactor performance.

  • This module focuses on nonisothermal reactor operation, addressing the challenges posed by temperature variations during reactions.

    Topics include:

    • Thermal effects on reaction kinetics.
    • Modeling nonisothermal reactors.
    • Control strategies for temperature management.

    Students will learn to design and operate reactors under nonisothermal conditions effectively.

  • This module presents a case study on ethane dehydrogenation, facilitating a deeper understanding of reactor design and performance analysis.

    Students will analyze:

    • The reaction mechanism involved in ethane dehydrogenation.
    • Design and optimization of the reactor used.
    • Performance metrics and operational challenges.

    By the end, participants will confidently assess similar industrial processes.

  • This module explores the hydrogenation of oil via a detailed case study, emphasizing reactor design and efficiency in industrial applications.

    Key components include:

    • Understanding the hydrogenation process.
    • Reactor design considerations for oil hydrogenation.
    • Performance evaluation and optimization strategies.

    Students will gain practical insights applicable to real-world scenarios.

  • This module covers the case study of ammonia synthesis, providing insights into the complexities of reactor design and performance optimization.

    Topics include:

    • The synthesis process and reaction mechanisms.
    • Design parameters and optimization techniques.
    • Analysis of reactor performance metrics.

    Students will learn to tackle challenges associated with ammonia synthesis in industrial settings.

  • Mod-05 Lec-33 Autothermal reactors
    Prof. Jayant M Modak

    This module explores autothermal reactors, emphasizing their design and operational principles for efficient chemical processes.

    Key topics include:

    • Fundamentals of autothermal reactor operation.
    • Advantages and limitations of autothermal designs.
    • Applications in industrial chemical processes.

    Students will understand how to implement these reactors in various applications.

  • This module covers parametric sensitivity analysis, crucial for understanding how changes in parameters affect reactor performance and stability.

    Topics include:

    • Identifying critical parameters in chemical reactions.
    • Methods for conducting sensitivity analysis.
    • Implications of sensitivity on reactor design and operation.

    Students will gain skills to optimize reactor performance through effective parameter management.

  • This module investigates multiple steady states in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR), discussing their implications for reactor design and stability.

    Key topics include:

    • Understanding multiple steady state phenomena.
    • Stability analysis of CSTR systems.
    • Design considerations for achieving desired performance.

    Students will learn to assess and design CSTR systems with multiple steady states effectively.

  • This module provides a comprehensive overview of basic stability analysis in chemical reactors, essential for understanding reactor dynamics.

    Topics include:

    • Fundamental principles of stability analysis.
    • Mathematical approaches to stability assessment.
    • Applications in reactor design and operation.

    Students will acquire the necessary tools to evaluate reactor stability effectively.

  • This module presents examples of stability analysis applied to chemical reactors, reinforcing concepts through practical applications.

    Key areas of focus include:

    • Case studies illustrating stability analysis techniques.
    • Evaluation of reactor performance under varying conditions.
    • Critical factors influencing stability in reactor designs.

    Students will enhance their analytical skills through real-world examples.

  • This module investigates nonideal flow patterns in reactors and their effects on performance, emphasizing the importance of accurate modeling.

    Topics include:

    • Understanding different types of nonideal flow.
    • Modeling techniques for nonideal reactors.
    • Impact of flow patterns on reaction efficiency.

    Students will learn to design reactors that mitigate the effects of nonideal flow.

  • This module continues the exploration of nonideal flow in reactors, providing further insights into its effects on overall reactor performance.

    Key areas include:

    • Advanced modeling approaches for nonideal systems.
    • Analysis of performance metrics in the presence of nonideal flow.
    • Strategies for optimizing reactor design to accommodate nonideal behavior.

    Students will enhance their understanding of how to effectively manage nonideal flow in reactor operations.

  • This module emphasizes problem-solving techniques for reactor design, enabling students to apply theoretical concepts to practical scenarios.

    Key elements include:

    • Real-world reactor design challenges.
    • Analytical and numerical methods for solving design issues.
    • Case studies to illustrate effective problem-solving strategies.

    By the end of this module, students will be equipped to tackle various reactor design problems confidently.