Course

Britain in the 20th Century: Progress and Decline

Gresham College

This course, "Britain in the 20th Century: Progress and Decline," delves into the profound changes experienced by Britain during the 20th century. Key topics include:

  • The shift from a minimal state presence to an all-encompassing welfare state.
  • The decline of the British Empire and its implications for international relations.
  • The responses of British statesmen to economic and political challenges.

Through a series of modules, participants will explore:

  • Early 20th-century responses to decline.
  • The impact of World War I and subsequent economic crises.
  • The failures of foreign policy leading up to World War II.

Join us to understand how historical events shaped modern Britain.

Course Lectures
  • This module explores the character of Britain in the 20th century, highlighting the dramatic transformation from a stateless environment to a society where government influence permeated every aspect of life.

    Key discussion points include:

    • The evolution of state involvement in citizens' lives.
    • The decline of the British Empire and its global impact.
    • Consequences of this shift for British identity and international standing.
  • This module covers the period from 1895 to 1914, during which British statesmen recognized the threats to Britain's international and economic standing posed by rising powers like Germany and the USA.

    Key topics include:

    • The emergence of economic fragility and the response through imperialism.
    • The introduction of social reforms aiming to address domestic issues.
    • The rise of 'New Liberalism' and its significance in shaping policy.
  • This module addresses the ramifications of World War I on Britain, examining the political, social, and economic consequences that followed the war.

    Participants will analyze:

    • The immediate effects of the war on British society.
    • Changes in government and public sentiment post-war.
    • The long-term implications for Britain's status in the world.
  • This module explores the economic crisis of 1931, detailing how fears of a fiscal deficit led to drastic government actions and the formation of a 'National' Government.

    Key points include:

    • The challenges faced by MacDonald and Snowdon in garnering support.
    • The political landscape during the elections of 1931 and 1935.
    • The role of trade unions and their influence on government policy.
  • This module examines the failures of the Conservative-dominated National Government to establish a viable foreign policy, particularly in the lead-up to World War II.

    Participants will discuss:

    • The symbolic representation of Neville Chamberlain's policy decisions.
    • Critiques of government preparedness for war.
    • Possibilities for defending the National Government's foreign policy strategies.
  • This module focuses on the road to war, analyzing the events following the Munich Conference of 1938 and the inevitability of conflict in 1939.

    Key discussion points include:

    • The impact of Hitler's territorial ambitions on European stability.
    • The decisions made by Britain and France leading to war.
    • Debates around Chamberlain's culpability and the considerations for peace in 1940.